Chapter List
Chapter 1
Science Skills
Science Process Skills cover 12 fundamental skills for Year 4 students. Key skills include Observing (collecting information using sense organs), Classifying (grouping objects by similar characteristics), and Forming Hypotheses (making testable statements about relationships between variables). Students also learn about three types of variables: Manipulated, Responding, and Controlled.
Chapter 2
Humans
The Humans chapter covers the respiratory system, excretion, and sensory responses. The human respiratory organs are the nose, trachea, and lungs — gas exchange occurs in the lungs where oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled. Breathing rate is affected by the type of activity: vigorous (badminton), moderate (cycling), or passive (reading).
Chapter 3
Animals
The Animals chapter teaches students about animal respiratory organs and classification. There are four main respiratory organs: lungs (horses, birds), spiracles (grasshoppers, cockroaches), gills (fish, crabs), and moist skin (earthworms, leeches). Animals are also classified as vertebrates (with backbone) and invertebrates (without backbone).
Chapter 4
Plants
Plants respond to environmental stimuli. Shoots grow towards sunlight (phototropism), while roots grow towards water and gravity (gravitropism). Plants also reproduce sexually (seeds) and asexually (budding, cuttings, tubers, stolons).
Chapter 5
Properties of Light
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines. This chapter covers the main properties of light: travels in straight lines, can be reflected (mirrors), refracted (prisms, glass), and absorbed by opaque materials. Shadows form when light is blocked by opaque objects, and their size changes with the distance of the object from the light source.
Chapter 6
Sound
Sound is produced by vibrations — all vibrating objects produce sound. Sound intensity is measured in decibels (dB); loud sounds (>85 dB) can damage hearing. Sound can be absorbed by soft materials like carpet and cork, and reflected by hard surfaces like stone walls.
Chapter 7
Energy
Energy is the ability to do work. There are various energy sources to generate electricity: sun (solar panels), wind (wind turbines), water (dams), coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, and biomass. Energy can be converted from one form to another — for example, a fan converts electrical energy to kinetic energy.
Chapter 8
Materials
The materials we use every day come from three basic sources: plants (cotton, rubber, wood), animals (wool, leather, silk), and petroleum (plastic, synthetic fabric). Each material has unique properties such as strength, flexibility, water permeability, and heat conductivity that determine its use.
Chapter 9
Earth
The Earth pulls all objects towards its centre through gravitational force. This chapter also explains why day and night occur: the Earth rotates on its own axis once every 24 hours, causing the side facing the Sun to experience day, while the side facing away experiences night.
Chapter 10
Simple Machines
Simple machines help us do work more easily using less force. This chapter covers three main simple machines: levers (three parts: load, fulcrum, effort), pulleys (change the direction of force), and inclined planes (reduce force needed to lift a load). Simple machines are found everywhere in daily life.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many chapters are in Year 4 Science Notes (ENG)?
10 chapters aligned to the KSSR Year 4 syllabus (2017 revision).
Do these notes follow KSSR?
Yes, fully aligned to the KSSR (2017 revision) curriculum.
How much does Year 4 Science Notes (ENG) cost?
RM19 one-time — lifetime access, including 80 interactive quiz questions.
Can I try before buying?
Yes, Chapter 1 is free to read and its quiz is free to try.
Looking up a science term? Year 4 Science Glossary (340+ terms) →
Unlock All 10 Chapters
Full-colour infographic notes + 80 interactive quiz questions. One-time payment, lifetime access.
Secure payment (FPX) · Instant access